What does biodiversity encompass within an ecosystem?

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of plant and animal species present within an ecosystem. This diversity includes the range of different species, genetic variations within those species, and the variety of ecosystems themselves. A high level of biodiversity is crucial because it contributes to the resilience of an ecosystem, allowing it to adapt to changes and disturbances, such as climate shifts or the introduction of invasive species.

This variety is important for ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling, pollination, and food web stability. The presence of multiple species can enhance overall ecosystem health, as diverse species often fulfill various roles, such as producers, consumers, and decomposers, contributing to a balanced environment. In summary, the richness of species within an ecosystem forms the foundation of biodiversity, highlighting the significance of both the number and variety of species present.