What is the biochemical process by which plants convert inorganic carbon into organic compounds?

The biochemical process by which plants convert inorganic carbon into organic compounds is known as carbon fixation. This process occurs during photosynthesis, specifically in the Calvin cycle, where plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Through the action of various enzymes, carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic molecules, ultimately leading to the formation of glucose and other carbohydrates that serve as energy sources for the plant.

In the broader context of photosynthesis, carbon fixation is crucial as it allows plants to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. While respiration and fermentation are processes that relate to the breakdown of organic compounds for energy, they do not involve the direct conversion of inorganic carbon into organic forms. Therefore, carbon fixation is the appropriate term that directly addresses the transformation of inorganic carbon into organic compounds within the context of plant biology.