What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells because their primary function is to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process known as cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, mitochondria convert biochemical energy from nutrients, primarily glucose, into ATP by using oxygen. This energy is then utilized by the cell to fuel various biological processes, making it essential for the survival and function of eukaryotic organisms.

In contrast, other organelles have different roles. For example, DNA is stored in the nucleus, which is dedicated to protecting genetic information and regulating gene expression. The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, maintaining its shape and facilitating movement. Additionally, proteins are synthesized by ribosomes, which can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, but they are not produced by mitochondria. Thus, the unique role of mitochondria in energy production is what distinguishes them from other cellular components.