What metabolic process allows certain organisms to obtain energy from organic molecules?

The process that allows certain organisms to obtain energy from organic molecules is respiration. Respiration is a biochemical process in which cells convert nutrients, particularly glucose, into energy. During respiration, organisms break down organic molecules through a series of chemical reactions, resulting in the release of energy stored in the chemical bonds of those molecules. This energy is then used to power cellular functions, including growth, reproduction, and maintenance of cellular structures.

In aerobic respiration, oxygen is utilized to maximize energy extraction from glucose, resulting in carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. Some organisms also use anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of oxygen, though it generally yields less energy.

Photosynthesis, while essential for plants and some other organisms to convert sunlight into chemical energy, primarily involves the production of glucose rather than energy extraction from organic molecules. Digestion refers to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components for absorption but does not itself release energy. Transpiration involves the movement of water within plants and does not pertain to energy extraction from organic molecules.