What term describes the act of passing from one proposition to another based on the truth of the former?

The term that describes the act of passing from one proposition to another based on the truth of the former is inference. Inference involves drawing logical conclusions or making interpretations that go beyond the immediate data or statements presented.

For example, if you observe that the sky is cloudy, you might infer that it is likely to rain based on previous experiences or knowledge about weather patterns. Inferences are often driven by reasoning, where existing information is used to arrive at a new understanding or proposition.

Other terms in the list have distinct meanings that do not align with the act of making propositions based on the truth of another. Observation refers to the act of gathering information through senses, analysis involves breaking down complex information into manageable parts to better understand it, and conclusion generally denotes the final decision or judgement made after considering evidence or reasoning. Thus, inference specifically captures the reasoning process that connects propositions based on the validity of their premises.