What term refers to the capability of an organism to produce viable offspring?

The term that accurately describes the capability of an organism to produce viable offspring is fertility. Fertility refers specifically to the ability to conceive and give birth to offspring, emphasizing the successful reproductive processes that lead to the creation of new individuals that can survive and thrive. This concept encompasses various biological factors, including the health of the reproductive system, genetic compatibility, and environmental influences that can affect reproductive outcomes.

Other terms, while related, do not capture the essence of producing viable offspring as clearly. Viability refers more to the capability of an organism to survive and develop rather than the act of reproduction itself. Fecundity is often used to describe the potential reproductive capacity of an organism, usually indicating the number of eggs or seeds produced, while reproductivity is not a standard term in biology, making it less applicable in this context.