Which phase in ecological succession follows the colonization of pioneer species?

The phase that follows the colonization of pioneer species is characterized by the establishment of intermediate species. Pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, are the first organisms to colonize bare or disturbed environments. They help to create conditions that facilitate the growth of subsequent species by improving soil quality and contributing organic matter.

Once these pioneer species establish themselves, they create a modified habitat that can support more complex plants, known as intermediate species. These species typically include grasses, shrubs, and small trees that thrive in conditions created by the pioneers. As these intermediate species establish and grow, they further change the environment, making it suitable for an even more diverse range of plants and animals, eventually leading to a mature ecosystem or climax community.

Climax communities represent a stable endpoint in succession, while primary and secondary succession refer to the overall processes of habitat colonization and recovery, respectively. Thus, intermediate species play a crucial role in bridging the gap between pioneer species and a more stable climax community.