Which process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes?

Mitosis is the process that ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance in multicellular organisms.

During the phases of mitosis, the chromosomes are duplicated and then separated precisely, allowing each new daughter cell to inherit a complete set of chromosomes. This occurs through stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, all of which are carefully regulated to ensure accurate distribution of the genetic material.

In contrast, meiosis is a different type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in gametes (sperm and egg cells), which is not aimed at maintaining a complete set of chromosomes. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis and meiosis; while it is important for completing cell division, it does not itself ensure that chromosomes are correctly allocated. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, which is unrelated to the distribution of chromosomes during cell division.