Which term refers to the result of new combinations of genetic material?

The term "recombinant" refers to the result of new combinations of genetic material, usually through processes like genetic recombination. In biological systems, this occurs naturally during processes such as meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to offspring that have unique combinations of traits inherited from their parents. Additionally, in genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to combine DNA from different sources, creating new genetic sequences. This is pivotal in various applications, such as the development of genetically modified organisms and advancements in medicine.

The other terms listed do not pertain to the creation of new genetic combinations. Cloning refers to producing a genetically identical copy of an organism, transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, and amplification, often associated with PCR (polymerase chain reaction), increases the number of copies of a particular DNA sequence rather than creating new combinations. Therefore, "recombinant" aptly describes the new genetic combinations resulting from the blending of genetic material.