Which type of bacteria is involved in soil nitrogen fixation?

Cyanobacteria are a crucial type of bacteria involved in soil nitrogen fixation, which is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize, such as ammonia. These organisms possess specialized cells known as heterocysts that create an anaerobic environment, allowing nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation, to function effectively.

Cyanobacteria play an essential role in ecosystems, especially in aquatic and terrestrial environments, by providing a source of nitrogen that supports plant growth. They are often found in soil, water, and various habitats, contributing to the overall nitrogen cycle. Through photosynthesis, they also produce oxygen as a byproduct, further benefiting the ecosystem.

In contrast, Actinobacteria are primarily known for their role in decomposing organic matter rather than nitrogen fixation. Pathogenic bacteria are harmful and can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans, and Archaea are a distinct group of microorganisms that are typically not involved in nitrogen fixation in the same way as cyanobacteria. Hence, cyanobacteria are specifically recognized for their nitrogen-fixing capabilities in soil environments.